The Damage Of The American Dream Character Analysis

The Damage of the American Dream The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, wonderfully shows how the values of characters in the novel set the time period of the 1920s. The major characters in the story has clear motives and values which helps the reader understand high society before The Great Depression, and give a clear indication that the theme of the book is a twisted view of the American Dream. Nick Carraway is the first persona we are introduced to and arguably the most important; as he is the narrator of the book. He is a down to earth, non-judgemental man that comes from a wealthy family in the mid-west. Nick longs for excitement after returning from The Great War and decides to take up the bond business in New York. Nick is one†¦show more content†¦The most blatant offense is pinning the murder of Myrtle Wilson on Gatsby, but there is a more complex example. Fitzgerald stated in chapter one â€Å"No- Gatsby turned out alright in the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust that floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.† (7). In my opinion, the foul dust that floated behind Gatsby’s dreams was Daisy herself. She was Gatsby’s dream, and his dream was the American Dream, but Gatsby’s illusion that she would bring him happiness is what shatt ered him. Daisy wasn’t able to make tough decisions The man who lends his name to the book itself, Jay Gatsby, is the main player in this worlds stage. Everything that he does in the book is a vain effort to get reunite with a woman he dated for a month five years ago. The only problem is that Jay wanted more from Daisy than she could possibly offer. It wasn’t enough to say that she loved Gatsby, she had to have never loved Tom. Gatsby is thought provoking in that he wasn’t a person of high birth brought a reverse of fortune because of his weak character, his demise was because of the people he tried to imitate; a crowd of rich hypocrites that would sneer at a man like him only because of the courage his liquor gave them. Gatsby is the ultimate representation of the American Dream up until a little before his death. He literally and figuratively made a name forShow MoreRelatedTextual Analysis of Alexie’s â€Å"Because my Father Always Said...†1683 Words   |  7 Pages Textual Analysis Essay Textual Analysis of Alexie’s â€Å"Because my Father Always Said...† America truly is the salad bowl of cultures from around the whole world. However, there is often times a dominating cultural structure that makes it difficult to attain peace among the diverse cultural groups of America. Sherman Alexie’s short story, Because my Father Always Said He Was the Only Indian Who Saw Jimi Hendrix Play ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’ at Woodstock, displays the difficulty of the NativeRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 PagesThis literary study will define the failure of the †American Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy L oman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. MoreRead MoreEssay on Woman Hollering Creek - Dreams vs. Reality826 Words   |  4 Pagesendure as Latino wives through her portrayal of the protagonist, Cleofilas. 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The story follows Dan Humphrey, the so-called lonely boy and BrooklynRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe article, â€Å"Literary Movements for Students†, â€Å"Their use of imagery often exemplifies states of mind, the imagination, the human psyche, and dreams† (Milne). Williams and Gilman bot h use symbolism as a technique to show how the characters may be feeling and what they really represent. A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams symbolizes the main character Blanche DuBois as that to a moth. The story is of a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate need for someplace in the world to call her ownRead MoreHow Society Perceives Different Groups Based On Race, Class, And Gender1656 Words   |  7 Pagessociety perceives different groups based on race, class, and gender. 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Society tells girls not being their definition of beautifulRead MoreEssay on The Business Plot1262 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone were to ask you if you could imagine a world where the United States was a fascist dictatorship, you would most likely, laugh in his or her face. After all, the United States is the poster child of a capitalistic society and even has that American dream. What people don’t realize is that in 1933 a group of elite businessmen and some powerful companies tried to plot the staging of a coup with the help of a Marine Corps Major General by the name of Smedley Butler. This may have been plotted becauseRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Soul2353 Words   |  10 Pages In describing his sudden and complete change in character, Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel shares how the horrors he experienced changed him permanently, stating â€Å"I too had become a different person. The s tudent of the Talmud, the child I was, had been consumed by the flames. All that was left was a shape that resembled me. My soul had been invaded- and devoured- by a black flame† (37). Hitler ´s extermination of the Jews in the 1930s and 40s is an embodiment of man’s ability to performRead MoreAn Individual Detailed Analysis on the Style, Editing Techniques Mise-En-Scene and Cinematography in the Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.2581 Words   |  11 PagesAn individual detailed analysis on the style, editing techniques Mise-en-scene and cinematography in the film Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind. Michael Gondry’s Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind (2004) is not your typical Hollywood rom-com. Its cinematic style is very original and by far out of the ordinary for its genre. The use of techniques and the way the film is produced is the reason why it is so memorable. The non-linear narrative is based around a middle-aged guy who falls in

U.s. Foreign Policy Approaches - 1424 Words

The United States (U.S.) uses two approaches to their foreign policy. The first approach is realism. This viewpoint stresses that the principal actors, states, will pursue their own interests in an anarchical world. States will try to establish a balance of power that restrains aggressive states from dominating weaker ones. The second approach is idealism. This view stresses that states should transform the system into a new international order where peace can prevail. This approach emphases the spread of democracy across the world and the creation of international institutions. Realism and idealism provides an explanation to how U.S. foreign policy has developed since World War Two (WWII), identifies which influential factors play a role in both foreign policy approaches, and determines which view has best served the pursuit of national interests. The realist and idealist approaches are important in explaining the swinging pendulum path American foreign policy took since WWII. Over the past seventy years, U.S. foreign policy switches between these two approaches. After WWII ended, idealistic U.S. policymakers believed that cooperation between the United States and Soviet Union would transform the world to a more cooperative and peaceful one. This idealistic belief was quickly demolished by the Soviet expansions in Turkey and Greece and the destruction of the hopes of U.S.-Soviet cooperation after WWII. So, U.S. policymakers switched to a realist approach in aShow MoreRelatedThe War On Terror : An Example Of All Three Foreign Policy Tools Is Afghanistan Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesWar on Terror required utilizing pre-emptive war, regime change, and unilateralism. An example of all three foreign policy tools is Afghanistan. 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Isolation for the U.S. usually implied slow economic growth and the large number of destructive conflicts within, while impudent foreign policy always guaranteed an abrupt economic growth for the U.S. economy. After the U.S. intervened in the WWI and the WWII, the U.S. economy witnessed a tremendous econo mic growth, nearly elimination ofRead MoreThe Political Affairs Of Latin America925 Words   |  4 Pagesimpacting role in the political affairs of Latin America. Since the dawn of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, the U.S. has taken a firm and direct stance when dealing with the continent to ensure that its [United States] interests are always upheld. This being said, the U.S. uses formal and informal manipulation and intervention to ensure that Latin American governments are compatible with U.S. interests. This dates back, as previously said, to the time of the Monroe doctrine, when the United-States wantedRead MoreFour approaches to the political economy development of Latin America1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of development in Latin America has been approached from a variety of academic disciplines. International Political Economy scholars have provided a number of different approaches for studying, analyzing and understanding the political and institutional constrains that have shaped the development of Latin American countries. They have also incorporated into the analysis variables such as the influence of international organizations and the economic and class history, and its relation withRead MoreAmerica s New Sense Of World Power758 Words   |  4 Pagesacross the waters. There were many approaches that were suggested by previous presidents, all with the same goal: World Dominance. The Big Stick idea was brought to light from President Theodore Roosevelt. The plan reflected many of the same impulses that were motivating domestic reforms that were taking place in America. He wanted to expand that reform to Cuba. He wanted to send a message that reflected to nations America s new sense of world power. With this policy Presidents could exercise powerRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Key National Security Issues Faced in the Post-Vietnam War Period566 Words   |  3 Pagessignificant changes that occurred after that historical event, that forever changed the policy conceptualization and implementation of national and foreign-related issues. The administration of Richard Nixon was greatly affected by the Vietnam War. Due to the fact that the US failed to win the war in a smooth way, Nixon tried to assess the things that went wrong in the national security and foreign policies of his predecessors like Kennedy and Johnson. 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This anti-Western, and particularly anti-American sentiment was common amongst many Iranians due to their resentment of U.S. support for Shah Pahlavi and his oppressive and unsatisfactory regime.

Oedipus Rex †Entrapment of Mankind Through Reasoning Free Essays

For example, when Alias and Oedipus Rexes were reveled with their prophecies, they tried to divert themselves away from it. As a result, they reverted themselves into the prophecy, therefore fulfilling it. Although man tries to control their own fate, in reality, such control is impossible and cannot be possessed. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex – Entrapment of Mankind Through Reasoning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the use of Oedipus’ life decisions, diction, and connotation of words to display the idea that man’s most powerful attribute fails mankind. In other words, through Oedipus Rexes, Sophocles shows that reasoning cannot give mankind the power and control they sire. Therefore, such control and power for mankind does not exist. Oedipus Rexes proves that man’s most powerful attribute Is reasoning. Sophocles gives his readers the idea that mankind is trapped through their most powerful attribute. Oedipus Rexes believed that he could escape the reality of his prophecy through his attempts to reason throughout it. However, his aim to avoid the prophecy using reason failed him. As the prophecy was revealed to Oedipus, he believed he could avoid it by leaving Corinth and the family whom he believed was his own blood. However, this thought of his is what failed him and lead to Oedipus actually fulfilling the prophecy. This decision leads mankind to believe that they can control their life through reasoning. As Oedipus moves onto Thebes, he crosses through the road where three roads meet. At this exact road, he meets Alias, his father, whom he does not know. Alias and Oedipus begin a feud start brawling with one another. Thus, completed. Although Oedipus continues onto Thebes and solves the sphinx’s riddle, his success leads him into the second part of his prophecy being fulfilled as he meets Coast, marries her, bears children with her, and birth children of incest. In spite of the fact that Oedipus’ best characteristic is his constant attempt to reason, it’s his exact reasoning and questioning that lead him to the â€Å"truth† of the prophecy. Despite Oedipus’ failed attempts to control the prophecy, Alias is also another culprit of failed attempts to reason. Alias, King of Thebes, birth a child with Coast and believed that he could become the next ruler of Thebes. However, a prophecy was told to Alias that his own son would soon murder him and take over. At this very moment, he decides It’s best to bind Oedipus’ feet and send him away to die. He does not realize, however, that this decision leads him Into the entrapment of his own life. He fulfills the actual prophecy when he tries to take Oedipus out of his life. This Is another failed attempt of reason. Therefore, man’s most powerful attribute of proves that reasoning brings mankind doom. As Alias did not want his baby to kill him, he sends the baby away. The Old man sees the baby and picks it up because no mortal being would see a baby hurt and abandoned without having to pick it up. He gives the baby to his King of Thebes because he knows they cannot bare a child, feeling pity for them all. Oedipus himself hears about the prophecy and runs away from it. All these people, all these steps were made from attempts to reason and control the world, when in reality, it ultimately failed. Mankind cannot use their so- called â€Å"most powerful attribute of reasoning† to control their lives. If reasoning brings doom to mankind, what is the purpose of reasoning itself? Sophocles answers this question by proving through Oedipus Rexes that reasoning traps mankind, making mankind limited. The Chorus, whom supports Oedipus the most out of all characters of the play, reveal their thoughts and true emotion towards the doom of Oedipus. Through their character, Sophocles conveys the pity one may feel towards Oedipus whom was a great man dealt with UN inevitable doom. In a passage by the Chorus on pig. 18, they stated, â€Å"A prince of men/ Whose loot what citizen/ Did not with Emmy see,] How Deep the billows of calamity/Above him roll/Watch therefore and regard that supreme day;/And of no mortal say/That man is happy,† datelined by no grievous ill/He pass Life’s goal In this passage, the Chorus shows how great of a man Oedipus was, nonetheless, how great of a King he was. He was not only great because of his role as King, he was great because he reasons. However, this characteristic of constant reasoning, to pursue and search for the truth leads to the fulfillment of the prophecy. When the Chorus says, â€Å"billows of calamity’, they talk about the mass destruction Oedipus was placed in. On that day, he was realized he entrapped himself into the prophecy. Therefore, Oedipus acts as a representation of mankind, conveying the idea that seasoning dooms us all and traps mankind. Mankind is under the illusion that control exists and reason works. Through the first half of the stanza, the Chorus exemplifies their support for Oedipus. He was a Prince out of all the men, who gained respect and order from his people. After Oedipus discovered his tragic state in the prophecy, such a situation could not be explained. It was disastrous, catastrophic, devastating, but all these words do not show how grievous this day was for Oedipus. He believed he escaped the prophecy and lead to be a King, a King of whom many honored. He set out to believe that he must save his city from disaster, from the plague, when he was the plague himself. The Chorus tells the readers to watch the day Oedipus fell into the prophecy and learn that no human being is lucky. No man has a goal, for their most powerful attribute fails them ultimately. Therefore, no man is lucky until they are dead. Sophocles shows through Oedipus Rexes that reasoning cannot give mankind the power and control that they desire. Through the understanding of the way Alias and Oedipus both failed at their attempts to reason and the Journey Oedipus invests myself into throughout the play, readers are able to see how Oedipus portrays a representation of mankind. Through his representation, one may find that although doom upon him. This leads to the idea that reasoning fails mankind and the purpose of reasoning is invalid. Sophocles uses Oedipus life decisions, diction, and connotation of words to display the idea that man’s most powerful attribute fails mankind. Although man tries to control their own fate, in reality, such control is impossible and cannot be be possessed. How to cite Oedipus Rex – Entrapment of Mankind Through Reasoning, Papers

French Revolution free essay sample

The French Revolution The French Revolution was one of the most significant turning points in French history. It changed France completely, and brought a lot of positive results to France, even there were some negative results as well. Abolishing Feudalism is addressed during the National Assembly’s Decree, which is described in document 1. It attempts to make everyone pay taxes, doesnt matter what estate you are. However, it also gives people equal rights to work in different positions and dignities. In document 2, The Declaration of the Right s of Man gives everybody the freedom of speech, equality in law, and proportional taxation. Document 3 is a French political cartoon, â€Å"Patience, My Lord, Your Turn is Coming†. In this cartoon, a lady who seems like someone from the Church, which is the first estate, is waiting to be squeezed and turn skinny. This symbolizes that her wealth and power would be taken, and there would be more equality in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In document 5, we could see that the national Convention’s Law of the Maximum fixes the highest price for prime necessities, and persons who sell higher than the maximum of the price will need to pay fine. One of the causes of the French Revolution was the unfair tax system Only the third estate, which was the poorest one, needed to pay the tax. However, throughout the revolution, the tax system changed into everyone needed to pay tax, doesn’t matter what estate you are, everyone pay the same, therefore, it was extremely hard for the third estate. Apparently, even the taxation has been changed, that wasn’t fair enough, and in document 2, we could see that Declaration of the Rights of Man fixed the tax into proportional taxation. In the other hand, the government started to pay attention to the equal rights. As a result, people could all get a work. By looking at document 3, we see that in order to achieve the real equality, the first estate’s wealth and power are getting taken, instead, all the other estates would have some power. Freedom of Speech and equality in law were also addressed in Declaration of the Rights of Man, so citizens could speak, and also question the officers. By fixing the high prices of prime necessities, people did not need to suffer as before, since they could get what they need. People would be satisfied with the government and their lives. Children could also all go  to school for free, doesn’t matter if you were a girl or a boy, doesn’t matter what estate you were, they could all get knowledge. People could all be protected by the law, and also be punished if someone did something wrong. Those are all the positive results of French Revolution. They turned the government from feudalism into democracy. The society was better organized, and people got their rights. However, there were also negative results. One of the most significant one is the Reign of Terror. People that were going against the revolution all got executed. It is estimated that about 40,000 people died during this 15 month period. It was a great horror in France; It established a fear in the French people to have any counter-revolutionary feelings. That was also the end of French Revolution. Overall, there were countless positive results of French Revolution. Even there were some negative results; it was still a successful revolution. The society was benefit from the revolution; Equality and justice were brought to France. French Revolution ended the social inequality and the economic hardship.

The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada Essay Example

The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada Paper Stared (henceforth Three Burials) is a resonant pictorial, which deliberates upon male friendship, loss, retribution, crime, and cross- border contrasts that Incidentally, are lightly mirrored by the collaboration of director Jones and screenwriter Raging. The are subtle allusions of political commentary regarding the state of Mexican labor, border patrols and the lawless abuse Mexicans face when trying to make a new life for themselves. The film brings story elements and thematic details together, as any classical climax would, while continually revealing more. The journey, both literally (to Mexico) and the metaphorical so abruptly exposed in the tagging as one to redemption is palpable throughout the picture, but the audience might fail to notice that they themselves are taken on a journey of their own on, a journey on discovering the Why to the death of our Mexican hero. The story pivots upon the accidental shooting off Mexican ranch hand, Stared by a border patrolman Norton and the subsequent actions undertaken by Stratas loyal friend Perkins following his death. The nonlinear storytelling style is deliberate as Raging Wanted the character and everyone else to be confused about hat happened (Moore, 2005) and the narratives are a fusion of flashback and aftermath. Narratives, plural, Is used because Three Burials begins as two separate narrative elements which only collaborate when Norton and Perkins make their forced acquaintance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the narratives focuses on the present whereby Pete is searching for the Who involved in Stratas death and the second the story behind Norton and his Barbie-doll, former high school darling wife bored and trapped in a dreary marriage in an even drearier town. We know of Stratas death before understanding his friendship with Perkins and the account of Stratas burials is Rosen up and replayed thrice, the first time as a tragedy, the second as a farce and the third a combination of both (Quinn, 2006). The fractured account of Stratas demise did have the brilliant effect of putting this audience into a sleepy lull but ironically enough the film redeemed Itself throughout. As mentioned above, multiple perspectives centering the shooting occurred, with each angle revealing a little more to the Invariable Why. The various perspectives highlight the grey area, which makes defining the good and bad of any human character such an impossible ask. A mans death could be a mystery, a crime, an accident. The purpose of the first forty minutes is to set up the moral meaning of the journey and two things were established: the deep, loving friendship of Stared and Perkins which must be in place to validate Perkins later compulsion for Justice and Norton as a narrow- minded, dogmatic, bigoted character who should be tortured into redemption. The lack of dialogue is balanced out by the characters actions which speak loudly, and Three Burials might have even played better with less information and a certain critic ad a sneaking suspicion that the movie would be stronger if we never saw Stared alive (The Clumsy Din of Chance, 2007). The mall actors subtly build distinctive personalities. Perkins life Is largely Inscrutable yet It becomes Increasingly evident that his actions are not those out of self-righteousness but Instead the product of an honest devotion to his foreign friend as well as a means to his own total self- Telemeter Ana Napless. When, at ten Ana AT ten movie, Taller looms Tort Pete, you think you can see him trying to hold his crumbling worldview together (The Clumsy Din of Chance, 2007). Norton who comes off as the typical uneducated, unlikable, unworldly, ignorant American surprises this audience by his easy acceptance of punishment, which was far more interesting than the crudeness and belligerence expected. Understandably, he is obstinate and difficult initially, as seen in the scenes of multiple attempted and failed escapes but his quick reception of his kidnapped status leads this audience to believe that however distasteful and repulsive Norton is, he still maintains some semblance of decency and self-respect in wanting to find the road to redemption. The secondary characters namely a diner waitress, Rachel, and Norths wife, Lou Ann, are only featured on one side of the river, in the washed- out blue, sterile small Texas town where the overall atmosphere is so oppressive and bleak that the locals can only get their amusement by sleeping with each others wives since this dead-end border town with its trailer parks and pick-up trucks and lonesome diners has nothing better to offer. Rachel, who is later revealed to be Perkins ultimate happiness and hidden reason behind such an arduous undertaking, is married to the diner owner and befriends Lou Ann who otherwise loud not be caught dead with such a woman if she were still in her longed-for Cincinnati. Of all surprises exposed is the revelation that Perkins and Stared had a double date with Rachel and Lou Ann, with both parties respectively ending up in their respective sleazy motel rooms. Although Jones and Raging does not besmirch our view of Stratas goodness with vulgar sexual scenes with his murderers wife, instead choosing to depict Stared and Lou Ann.s afternoon delight with an innocent, almost endearing dance, the irony is that regardless of what the audience sees or not, Stared did have a cheap affair with Norths wife. Although Norton never discovers his wifes transgression, can Stratas death at Norths hand be warranted? Is there a restoration of some semblance of cosmic order? The invisible hand of God is as always, omnisciently present. The extent of Pets affiliation with Rachel is mostly emphasized in the cantina scene where Perkins awaits a long- distance connection to Rachel. At this stage in his Journey, he is exhausted, fixated on his role as kidnapper, while closely acquainted with a rotting corpse, and Perkins is beginning to lose his mind. Maybe its the miscellaneous mixture of the miss-en- scene that meets with his wavelength. Further echoing Norths wavelength is the bizarre sound of a radio dial, channels fading in and out, as though his mind were an antenna tuning in to remote frequency. Several characters have accused him of being crazy by now. Next comes the phone call and Perkins asks Rachel to leave her husband and come marry him in Mexico. She had previously told Perkins she loved him. Unfortunately, she denies him: Pete you dont understand, I have to go. He hangs up the phone and lurches out of the cantina and into a little shed. He slowly unwraps the coverings from his only friend, the long rotten Stared. Our disgust with the corpse is not reflected in Perkins face however. He can only utter, muff look like hell, son, as he proceeds to comb him with a horse brush, pulling the hair clean off his head with a dull scraping sound. Defeated, he slumps back against the shed wall, resigned to utter alienation. This could be the films centerpiece, expressing the culmination of two contradictory Impulses unmannerly ten entire Tall: ten romantic promise AT ten Western fable and the material denial of its possibility (Strange, 2009). Alas, gorgeous, refreshing Mexico does not fulfill its promise to this cowboy.

Standardized Testing for Homeschoolers

Standardized Testing for Homeschoolers Nearly half of all states in the U.S. either require standardized testing for homeschoolers  or offer testing as one of the options for demonstrating academic progress. Many parents who arent required to do so utilize standardized testing to objectively assess their childrens progress. If either of those scenarios describe you,  but your child hasn’t tested before, you may be unsure what your  options are or how to get started. Your state or local homeschool support group should be able to answer most questions specific to your state or county. However, the general information and  guidelines to consider are fairly universal.   Types of Tests There are several options for standardized testing. You may want to check your state’s homeschool laws  to be sure that the  test you’re considering satisfies your state’s laws. You may also wish to compare testing options for your state. Some of the more well-known testing options include: 1. The Iowa Test of Basic Skills is a nationally standardized test for children in grades  K-12. It covers language arts, math, science, social studies, and study skills. It is a timed test that can  be administered any time during the school year, but it must be administered by someone with at least a  B.A. degree.   2. The Stanford Achievement Test is a nationally standardized test for children in grades K-12 covering language arts, math, science, social studies, and reading comprehension. It is an untimed test that must be administered by someone with at least  B.A. degree. There is now an online version that may allow in-home testing since the online source is considered the test administrator. 3. The California Achievement Test is a nationally standardized test for children in grades 2-12 that can be administered by parents and returned to the testing supplier for scoring.The CAT is a timed test that can be administered any time during the year and an online testing option is available.  Many homeschooling families prefer the CAT, an older version of the current CAT/5 test. The updated version can be used for grades K-12.   4. The Personalized Achievement Summary Survey (PASS) is a standardized test developed specifically for homeschoolers that meets the standardized testing requirements in some, but not all states. PASS is an untimed test that covers reading, language, and math for students in grades 3-12. It can be administered by parents and no degree is required. How to choose the right standardized test Just as with curriculum, scheduling, or any other aspect of homeschooling, choosing the right test for your students is very subjective. Some questions to consider are: Will your child do better with a timed or untimed test? Some kids get very stressed when using a timed test.Do you want to be able to administer the test yourself? If so, do you meet the qualification requirements for the test you’re considering?If you are not qualified to administer the test yourself, do you have a friend, relative, or homeschool contact who can administer the test for you?Does the test have restrictions or guidelines regarding testing your own children?What subjects does the test cover? Is it comprehensive enough to meet your needs?Is the test considered to be appropriately challenging for your child? Some standardized tests have a reputation for being more rigorous than others. You may want to ask around to ensure that you’re choosing a test that thoroughly assesses your child’s ability without reaching frustration level. Regardless of which  you choose, it’s often wise to  administer the same test each year in order to provide an accurate view of your child’s progress from year to year. Where to take tests There are many options for where students can be tested, though the choices may be limited by factors such as the guidelines of the particular test or  your state’s homeschool laws. Many homeschooling families prefer to administer tests themselves at home. There are several sources for ordering testing materials or taking standardized tests online. You may want to check your state homeschool support group’s website for information specific to your state. Some popular testing supply options include: Seton Testing ServicesBJU PressABeka TestingHewitt Homeschooling Some other testing location options may include: Co-op. Many homeschooling co-ops offer testing for their member families, and some open testing to non-member  homeschooling families, as well.Homeschool support groupsUmbrella or church-related schools Regardless of whether  you’re testing to fulfill your state’s homeschool  laws or  to monitor  your child’s academic progress,  these basic facts can help you choose  the standardized testing options to best  meet your family’s needs.

GIS Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

GIS Acquisition - Essay Example The main objective of implementing GIS in an organization is to construct a business case for the proposal of GIS acquisition. Network dictionary defined a geographical information system as â€Å"a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information, that is, data identified according to location. Practitioners also define a GIS as including the procedures, operating personnel, and spatial data that go into the system†. For acquiring GIS, cost, risks, benefits, and impacts associated with the GIS are calculated, in order to continue with the current data and information products. If fundamental different approaches are included in the preliminary design models, for instance, centralized systems versus distributed systems, analyzing cost benefit analysis are essential. The activities that are involved in cost benefit analysis are: Estimating all the cost Identification of all benefits Evaluation of economic value for i rrefutable profit Evaluating impact on the staff and organization Evaluating Risk Examining results The implementation cost for the GIS includes acquisition and maintenance for software, hardware, maintenance, data capture, and training. The highly qualified staff is required for management of systems, programming, support, operation of applications, and preparation for the site with all related expenses along with an acquisition cost. Discounted on the present value, recurrent cost needs to be analyzed for five years over an insignificant system life. As identified in the preliminary stages, the cost associated with software, hardware, maintenance and training cost needs to be obtained from more than two vendors. If it is achievable, than the validation of these cost will be achieved by discussions by existing agencies. Moreover, the data capture cost will be significant and vary from 10 to 1000 times from the software and hardware cost. The benefits related to efficiency are assoc iated with time and cost via robust data processing and eliminating the duplication processes. On the other hand, effectiveness benefits are linked with improvements in the decision-making processes via new data in a timely manner. Moreover, the intangible benefits consist of an advanced image of the public for the organization. The ambiguous data reduce the confusion enables superior communication between users via enhanced staff professionalism and morale, superior co-operation between the users by data sharing, capability to handle unexpected events. In addition, unanticipated applications and enhanced data analysis will provide new knowledge. The definition of economic value is available at ‘www.investorwords.com’ that states as â€Å"The value of an asset deriving from its ability to generate income† (, what is economic value? Definition and Meaning). Economic value enthusiastically can be allocated to efficiency benefits. The usefulness, value and benefits are not easy to calculate. There may be key impacts of the proposed GIS on the staff and organization, and may have a considerable comportment on the cost benefit analysis. From the user requirement analysis, the impacts for the data processing, decision making and data collection can be accessed. The management and organizational structure linked with the new technology, new procedures, new roles and new necessities for co-operation and consultation will contribute to make an impact on the organization. These issues may contribution towards the successful GIS as compared to technical issues. Discussions and consultations of impacts with the staff in the early states facilitate to eliminate disputes during the deployment. Moreover, eyeing on authority, responsibility and undertaking related to propagation of information products and data maintenance, there are legal and political connotation for the organizations. The inclusion of risk assessment defining that the project will not b e able to

Analysis of how Joint Warfare was applied during Operation Just Cause Research Paper

Analysis of how Joint Warfare was applied during Operation Just Cause in Panama - Research Paper Example In order to tackle the future political challenges, there is a need for developing an army which is prepared for not only offensive and defensive activities, but also to maintain stability and to conduct supporting functions. The military operations in Haiti, Bosnia and Middle East demonstrate the requirement of joint forces in order to ensure better cooperation. The trends of joint operation in 21st century evidently reveal the fact that single military operations have become history. In order to rule in the rapidly changing environment, joint approach of military planning is considered as a critical success factor for any nation . The research paper provides an in-depth analysis on application of joint warfare during ‘Operation Just Cause’ in Panama. The objective of the research is to analyze how joint operations were implemented during Operation Just Cause. Besides, the paper also aims at understanding how Goldwater-Nichols Act had affected the planning of Operation Just Cause. Basic Description about Joint Operation The term, ‘Joint Operation’ denotes military movements which are undertaken by joint military forces. Joint operation principle is established on a sound foundation of war philosophy, concept and practical knowledge. Joint operation principles identify the basic and the advantageous impacts of ‘unity in command’ and the cooperation which results from integration and harmonization of military operations. This cooperation can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of military force. The benefits of joint operation are spread beyond the operational background across the array of military actions2. ‘Joint Warfare’ is often used by the military forces of the US in conjunction with other countries and agencies. Joint warfare is required in order to create a decisive and a combined combat strength. In joint warfare philosophy, the military organizations incorporate and synchronize their air forces, land forces, navy forces and the special operation forces in order to accomplish strategic and operational objectives. The objective of joint warfare is to enhance the effectiveness of military assault3. The Origin of Joint Concepts The history of the US reveals the significance of joint operations. The war of 1812 in between the US and Great Britain provides a great example with regard to success of joint operation. However, the operation was criticized due to misperceptions, low level of cooperation and coordination. The first joint military board in the US was established in the year 1903. The joint board was aimed at planning joint military operations and resolving issues on common concerns. Yet, the joint board was provided with little right to solve

Can be chose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Can be chose - Essay Example Being a wife entails many things, and this has largely been constructed by different civilisations over the years. Recent decades, however, have seen these traditional being challenged in great detail for the first time in quite a long time as women attempt to gain more solid footing in society. One way to accomplish is to slowly recreated the homemaker role into one that is more balanced between the sexes, more accommodating to the desires of the women, and one that is more is open and accepting of sexual minorities. It has recently been said that â€Å"many women want to have weeding: few of them want to be wives† (Spender, 1994). This statement is quite profound in terms of the reality that shifting demographics, in addition to renewed feminist attitudes, are reshaping the tradition concept of marriage and family. While Splender’s comment may, on the surface, appear to be absurd, there is certainly an element of truth to you. This can be stated because one has to con sider the western construct of the concept ‘wife’. Historically, a wife has been commonly viewed as a homemaker and child-bearer. If that continues to be the reality, then women today have moved beyond that and are not desiring of the tradition definition utilised by society for generations. The very concept of ‘wife’, therefore, is shifting. Until that mindset is complete, however, women will likely hesitate to be viewed as a wife, but will still look forward to and long for their dream wedding. This paper explores the playing out of gender in terms of socialisation and coupling, with a particular focus on the role that weddings will likely play in Western society moving forward. 2. Theoretical Context Feminism is really about questioning the societal roles that attempt to define and confine the place that women have in our culture. In essence, as Judith Butler continually points out, it is about stepping out from the commonly conceived notions of gender a nd reconstructing an entirely new identity. Her groundbreaking 1990 book and theoretical expose on gender issues, â€Å"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity† reinvigorates the discussion of women and their role in society by demonstrating the even those on the sexual margins should be gradually more accepted into the society’s fold. Butler herself, through this book, begins to question the very definition of woman. She effectively does this by looking at the masculine and feminine constructs existent in society today, and how those have changed over the years. While Butler moves far out into theory relating to sexual minorities in this book, her focus is primarily on the feminist thought process. This theoretical construct relates well to the theory in question for this essay. She talks at length, for example, about a women’s desire to dress, sometimes provocatively, in order to show off the feminine form. At the same time, however, the modern feminist wants to challenge the masculine nature of our society, making it in almost universal subject open for debate. This relates well to the institution of marriage. With the traditional mindset that there are definite masculine and feminine roles to be carried out by husbands and wives respectively, Butler would contend that today’s woman has the right to challenge these concepts.

The Empowerment Of Civil Society By Using Technology Media Essay

The Empowerment Of Civil Society By Using Technology Media Essay The use of Information technology over the years has become a means of political and social change resulting in the empowerment of civil society and also effecting public opinion though sharing information via internet blogging, informative websites, etc. It has also been very successful in exposing violations of human rights, civil liberties, corruption, and misuse of power by various international organisations and governments. One such website which has created an international uproar between officials of states and civil society is Wikileaks. In my essay I shall discuss the impact of information technology on civil society following which I shall discuss the positive and negative activist and legal effects Wikileaks has on civil society and states. I shall also discuss the effect of Information technology and Wikileaks on democracy, fundamental human rights, secrecy and transparency. Over the years many people around the world have become increasingly aware of the expanding use of information technology, which has become a tool for social and political change globally. The use of internet all over the world has empowered civil society and many social activists to share information instantly with one another. Technologies such as internet websites, electronic mail, mobile phones, etc., have given more power to activists to communicate effectively with more people around the world than ever before. The internet increases access to publications, news stories, reports and gives opportunities to discover information that is normally suppressed (e.g. Wikileaks). The internet can be used as a medium or tool for whistle blowers and journalists to publish information concerning unethical behaviour of governments and corporations which can be difficult to trace and censor. Due to the advancement of information technology and as a result the age of the internet, there is ve ry little that is really secret these days.  [1]  However the drawbacks to such information technology is that it is also misused for wrongful purposes, such as terrorism, sex-trafficking, cyber hacking, as well as spreading information which can be false or dangerous and as a result harmful to others etc. The internet has showed that it is a useful space in which citizens can debate, discuss or negotiate on many social, political and economic issues. Such discussion has a profound effect on public opinion around the world and encourages society towards a true democratic system. It is also an effective tool for civil rights organisations to communicate to people and to groups in different parts of the world through email, websites and forums. Moreover, due to the advancement of information technology civil activists can keep in touch with supporters and campaigners effectively and effortlessly.  [2]   Wikileaks is a website which describes itself as an activist organisation or in other words the intelligence agency of the people.  [3]  Wikileaks is an international non-profit organisation that works for transparency and publishes submissions of private or secret, classified information from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers.  [4]  The website relies on Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states, Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.  [5]  The website works towards uncovering government, individual and corporate corruption though leaked sources and bringing it to the attention of civil society. In 2006 Wikileaks won many awards from organizations such as Amnesty International and the Economist for exposing issues around the world.  [6]   The advancement of information technology allows the internet and so as to say Wikileaks the ability to receive and publish leaked information cheaply and quickly. In addition the website has the ability to bypass the legal framework that would otherwise have to go though courts and officials to consider before being disclosed. Wikileaks has been successful in uncovering many illegal activities and corruption scandals starting from 2006 when it published information concerning assassination details of government officials by Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, corruption by the family of the former Kenyan leader Daniel arap Moi, allegations of illegal activities at the Cayman Islands branch of the Swiss Bank Julius Baer and the revelation of involvement of politicians and businessmen in the 2008 Peru oil scandal.  [7]  Wikileaks has been successful in uncovering many human rights violations and civil liberties. Some of the most famous revelations that it uncovered were the documents regarding hidden war crimes or prisoner abuse. In March 2007 Wikileaks published a leaked manual of the US military for the Guantanamo prison camp. In July 2010, Wikileaks published the Afghan War diary, which was a compilation of more than 76,900 documents concerning the war in Afghanistan. The documents stated the number of innocen t deaths of civilians that had been covered up by the international forces. Also in October 2010 Wikileaks, along with some media organisations, released the Iraq War logs which included almost 400,000 documents. The documents revealed evidence of torture and more than 109,000 violent deaths between 2004 and 2009 including 66,081 civilians. This was considered one of the biggest leaks in US military history.  [8]  In November 2010 Wikileaks started to publish US state department diplomatic cables. Many of these cables were labelled confidential, secret or top secret by the US state department. This further antagonised governments, more so than the leak of previous documents. The US government therefore suggested that the revelation of such documents put at risk lives of several of its people and allies around the world.  [9]   A number of civil rights activists were divided over the actions taken by Wikileaks. Many activists supported Wikileaks and the importance of uncovering and exposing such documents which revealed and brought to the attention of the world violations of human rights, civil liberties, corruption, and misuse of power by various international organisations and governments. Activists believed that this would support and justify the idea of a fair, functional and democratic civil society. Many civil activists believed that such misuse of power to cover such violations needed to be addressed openly though legal means in order to protect citizens from arbitrary government authority.  [10]  In addition it can also be said that due to the popularity that Wikileaks has gained over the years, documents published on the website could also have an effect on potential political reform. Also documents published on the website could have either a positive or a negative effect on civil society incl uding political or economic decisions made by states, as well as international relations and policy decisions. In such cases one can argue that information technology has been successful in uniting people all over the world by sharing knowledge, debating political and economic issues, revealing human rights violations and civil liberties thereby bringing change to public opinion and encouraging a free transparent democratic society. On the other hand several activists did not agree to the actions taken by Wikileaks particularly in the case of the Afghan War Diary. They believed that the exposure of such documents led to the revelation of identities of many people who had collaborated with the coalition in Afghanistan, which endangered such people to further violence. Press freedom groups, many human rights groups including Amnesty International, accused Wikileaks of being irresponsible for the publication of the afghan war logs.  [11]  The criticism of Wikileaks gave rise to the public opinion that it was doing more harm than good. Many argued that this would most probably increase internet surveillance, more secrecy and further restrictions. In addition it encouraged people to believe that the publication of classified secret government information would make it more difficult to support and protect people and sources after such information is disclosed. Furthermore, the consequences of publishing such docu ments on Wikileaks would result in the loss of protection of the sources mentioned within the documents and sources from where the information was retrieved. The outcome of such revelations could therefore lead to an extreme kind of transparency which would result in the loss of jobs, reputation or lives, etc., for such sources, which questions the fact of how this would positively support democracy and civil society. Therefore one can also argue that information technology can be used to leak confidential information which can result in stricter laws, regulation and increased internet surveillance. Whilst Wikileaks brought to light many issues concerning corruption and violations of human rights and civil liberties through the publication of documents and diplomatic cables, this release of classified information angered governments throughout the world, especially the United States which was associated with many of the of leaks. As a result governments pressured many online companies to limit or block their association with Wikileaks. Amazon dropped Wikileaks from its servers, which temporarily caused Wikileaks to be inaccessible. Later, Swiss bank PostFinance froze the Director of Wikileaks website Julian Assanges assets, while PayPal, a money transfer website, disabled Wikileaks account which it used to collect donations. MasterCard and Visa also followed suit by refusing donations to Wikileaks.  [12]  Hence it can be argued that governments and corporations are also activists and use information technology to promote their own agenda for instance in the case of Wikileaks , clamping down on activities which they do not consent to or which are not beneficial to them economically or politically. When financial services were denied to Wikileaks, a group of anonymous activists under the name of Anonymous carried out decentralised attacks on many corporations websites such as MasterCard and Visa. Around the world thousands of online protesters got together to form a virtual internet attack under the name of Operation Payback. Operation Payback used denial of service (DDoS) attacks to temporarily close down the websites which had opposed Wikileaks. This way such websites cannot handle the level of web traffic and are temporarily inaccessible to users around the world. DDoS attacks are internet piracy actions and not hacking but are nevertheless illegal and traceable. It is believed that through such a system of online attacks, Wikileaks produced one of the first global internet civil-disobedience movements.  [13]  Thus one can say that internet activists can also use information technology to rebel and forcefully further their cause against individuals, corporations or the s tate through the internet. While many online activists admit that the attack was illegal they disagree on it being malicious criminal hacking since they believe that they did not intend to bring any collateral damage to the public. Online activists believed this would raise awareness of internet censorship and protect freedom of expression. They argued that that the internet should be free and not controlled by governments. Many of these activists believed that the grounds for stoppage of donations though corporations was more politically motivated than legally towards the Wikileaks website. On the other hand, these corporations argued that Wikileaks violated the companies terms of service concerning illegal behaviour. Furthermore activists pointed out that while many leading newspapers such as the New York Times and the Guardian, etc. also published parts of classified documents from Wikileaks, no action was taken against them.  [14]  The Wikileaks case therefore raises several questions on popular partic ipation of civil society using the internet and information technology to disseminate information in an effort to voice their opinions and bring about social and political awareness to instigate changes in a society. The Wikileaks saga has created many future legal concerns over the use of information technology and the internet in particular. There are concerns over increased forms of internet censorship and surveillance. The US has introduced a bill called the Securing Human Intelligence and Enforcing Lawful Dissemination Act which is aimed at preventing websites such as Wikileaks publishing classified information which could result in the compromise of national security. The US is also in the process of introducing the wiretapping bill which is currently under discussion. The bill is aimed at wiretapping all kinds of online communication and internet traffic which includes foreign based service providers and will require software developers to enable peer-to-peer communication, redesign their service and allow interception.  [15]  However many information technology advocates have argued that by implementing so many restrictions over the internet would create holes that could be exploited by hackers and undermine the right to freedom of speech. The US furious over the leak of confidential diplomatic cables, tried to invoke the Espionage Act 1917 to prosecute the Wikileaks founder Julian Assange for the leak of classified government documents. Under the Act, it a crime to disclose classified information unlawfully however it does not state any distinction on who discloses such classified information. Activists have argued that this would be complicated since the founder is technically the publisher and not the one who revealed the classified information. The man who did reveal the classified information Bradley Manning is currently being prosecuted for leaking the confidential government documents. Thus by arresting Julian Assange, or any of the leading newspapers that were involved, would further mean that any citizen who addresses or discusses classified information can be arrested on national security grounds.  [16]  Assange being a foreign citizen he would have to be extradited to the US to stand trial for espionage (if a country is prepared to hand him over). The US first amendment of the Constitution provides a lot of protection for publishers of state secrets, not including government officials. If the government is successful to get around the Constitution and charge Assange, it may end up damaging the press freedoms enjoyed by every publisher. It would result in Wikileaks paying the price for freedom of the press in the US and many parts of the world.  [17]  Many journalist activists have argued that to criminalise what Wikileaks is doing is to criminalise investigative journalism. They argue that the media is responsible to report material that comes within its possession and any pressure to shutdown Wikileaks or prosecute those who publish official leaks or companies that are doing business with it, is a threat to democracy, which relies on a free and fearless press.  [18]   However criminalising Wikileaks will not be an easy task. Wikileaks has multiple servers in many jurisdictions with generous whistleblower-protection laws. These servers are all subject to the laws of the state, where they are each connected in. The laws in these states protect the safety of such information being passed on from the servers. Currently Wikileaks is protected by the laws of different jurisdictions to pass information freely, however it is unsure whether these laws will continue to favour Wikileaks in the future if there is any pressures from other states to change or limit them.  [19]  Critics argue that the legal impact of Wikileaks on information technology will create a borderless nature of the internet. They say that Wikileaks has encouraged the fact that the internet can also be used to undermine the relationship between legally significant (online) phenomena and physical location. That the increase in the use of computer network all over the world is destroyi ng the link between geographical location and (i) the authority of local government to assert control over internet behaviour (ii) the effects of internet behaviour on people or things (iii) the legality of the efforts of a local government to enforce rules applicable to worldwide phenomena; and (iv) the ability of geographical location to give notice of which sets of rules can apply. This could make online organisations or individuals absent themselves or even exploit legal or social norms of any country by the use of multiple servers, mirrors or other information technology tools.  [20]   The legal impact of Wikileaks will have a negative effect on information technology. Due to much legislation in the pipeline in the US aiming to increase restrictions on the use of internet; censorship and blocking of websites would affect users, organizations and library associations around the world. The consequence of Wikileaks will be used as a case to support such new bills, surveillance practices and use of information technologies which extend capabilities of censorship and data surveillance, thereafter resulting in less transparency and freedom of speech.  [21]  If Wikileaks is shut down permanently then most probably a new Wikileaks will appear anytime in the future. Information security is never a single security measure since it is always more of them together meaning the measures are not only information technology related, but also involve organizational issues, human resources management, physical security and legal protection. The problem with information technolog y and the internet is that it is advancing day by day. The internet has the power for information to be quickly copied, duplicated, published and spread around the world. If Wikileaks is closed down, then new websites similar to Wikileaks will spring up or new technological ways to publish information will spring up. In other words, the threat of leaking information to the public is constantly increasing. Therefore making it harder and harder to regulate and waiting for new legislation /laws for trying to curb it. It is very difficult to draft a law that targets Wikileaks and websites alike at the same time also leaving intact many legal systems concerning press freedoms.  [22]   Information technology has become a tool for social and political change worldwide. The use of internet has globally empowered civil society and many social activists to share information instantly with one another thereby effecting public opinion around the world and encourage society towards a true democratic system. Wikileaks has been successful in exposing violations of human rights, civil liberties, corruption, and misuse of power by various international organisations and governments. On the whole I believe that citizens of a functioning democracy should be able to know what the state is saying and doing in their name and not engaging in acts of counter-democracy.  [23]  Information technology such as Wikileaks plainly improves those abilities. However I also believe that there should be equilibrium, where democracy and fundamental rights are not undermined by too much secrecy or too much transparency. The right to publish should be equal to the citizens right to know. Neve rtheless a balance should be kept for the need of personal privacy, confidentiality and disclosure in the interest of the public at the same time guaranteeing liberty, accountability and true democratic choice. (2998 words)

Essay --

Ernst & Young was the auditing firm of HealthSouth from 1984 to 2002. Due to financial hardship Healthshore grew desperate and developed a scheme to deceive not only shareholders but Ernst and Young. Inevitably whistleblowers came forth and a lawsuit ensued. The shareholder’s lawsuit against Ernst and Young never went to trial. However, the lawsuit against Healthshore ended in settlement. Though a travesty to the shareholders and employees not involved with the fraud, this fraudulent activity was necessary for it forced the SEC to hinder these types of events to occur in the future. There may still be cases similar to HealthShore going on today had it not been for the Sarbanes Oxley act enforcing stricter requirements for auditing firms. 1.) Ordinary negligence is defined as the absence of reasonable care that can be expected of a person in a set of circumstances. For an auditor, it is what another component auditor would have done given the same scenario. Gross negligence is a step further than ordinary negligence and is that is absence of even slight care that can be expected of an independent, competent auditor. Some states do not distinguish the difference between both of these term but the main difference is ordinary negligence is an accidently mistake and the gross negligence is a mistake caused by a reckless act or decision. Constructive negligence is a more extreme negligence than gross negligence. This negligence is unusual but was committed without intend to deceive or harm. Negligence of this magnitude occurs when an inadequate audit was done but an opinion was issued anyway. For instance, if HealthSouth employees kept a factious account that was above the auditor’s materiality threshold but did not test this account... ...ds being committed so they were not a prudent person in performing due diligence in their audit. 3c. The auditors did their due diligence in that they questioned internal controls and found them to be acceptable if it were not for the deliberate collusion among management they would have been able to detect the fraud and therefor i would not be able to find them negligent in there assertion of the effectiveness of internal controls. 4. A disclaimer of opinion should be issued if the scope of the audit is limited because of management hindrance uness the evaluation during preplanning established that the section of the business being hindered was immaterial in respect to the overall fair presentation of the financial statements in that case if the audit was performed in accordance ewith GAAS the auaidotr should not be considered negligent if a fraud had occurred.

Marche shoe district

Logistics Is simplified by the geographical concentration of firms in the district and the personal knowledge and trust that characterizes relationships amongst district entrepreneurs. Flexibility by the small firms' supply network enables the ups or downs of fashions to be met. Since asses, however, the district network has had to come to terms with an outsourcing trend to low labor-cost countries that is always a threat to mature and labor-intensive industries in developed countries. As a result, production of low-cost shoes has been outsourced almost fully, first to Eastern Europe and then to the Far East.In low-price product ranges, district companies retain only high-value activities of design, marketing and distribution in the Macerate district. Outsourcing has also affected the core district products In medium- to high- quality footwear. Here, however, foreign partners are Involved In only less complex tasks to preserve Italian style and quality. The result Is an Increasingly widespread network. Processed leather is brought into the district after initial processing in Asia eastern Europe for further processing (mainly to Romania and Albania for sewing and hemming).Prepared leather is returned to the district for finishing and assembly. Such partial outsourcing – called outward processing traffic – preserves he high-quality standards of district shoes, whilst cutting down on costs. This makes logistics a critical activity. Transportation costs per unit have increased, and responsiveness has been put at risk. This is of particular concern to a business that is linked to fashion, where season collections and sales campaign deadlines cannot be missed.Whilst offshore sourcing has led to significantly longer lead times, increasing inventories and lot sizes are not an effective answer. Most district firms offer differentiated products based on fashion trends, and therefore loud face a high risk of markdowns at the end of season. Therefore, firms normally order only 25-30 % of requirements for a seasonal collection from their suppliers and the basis of forecasts, and these are mainly carry-over models and â€Å"classic† leather. Orders for the rest of the collection are made in line with incoming orders from fashion fairs, distributors and boutiques.The new international network (including a sales network that is extending progressively towards Asia) has become so complex that even large companies find it difficult to manage. Leading district firms are tackling logistics issues through increased information processing capabilities and through advanced services from logistics service providers. In order to manage a production network spanning from nearby district suppliers to Eastern Europe (mainly for shoes) and China (for clothing), Forward has installed SAP-OAFS (Apparel and Footwear Solution).This new ERP system has allowed the company to improve visibility over production planning an tighten control over suppliers . Forward has outsourced outbound logistics, and is considering a logistics platform to handle information exchange for districts abstractors and foreign suppliers to reduce costs, an RIFF system to improve responsiveness to European customers and a logistics network to support its strong selling presence in China.However, most district companies are not large enough to become attractive propositions for IT or logistics service providers. Whilst they can't afford to lose outsourcing opportunities, theses small firms risk being unable to manage the more complex networks that result. Moreover, most district entrepreneurs do not fully support the potential advantages of sharing outsourced services. Since they lack the accounting tools for getting a complete picture of logistic costs, the do not perceive logistics as a competitive weapon.They care only about emergencies when a rush order is required or when a planned delivery is late, but dealing with such emergencies becomes more diffi cult when distant foreign partners are involved. Developing the infrastructure, the skills and the mind-sets, in order to manage such a radical change in international supply chain management, is probably the biggest challenge district companies will face in the next 5-10 years.

The First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to 1895

The First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 to 1895 From August 1, 1894, to April 17, 1895, the Qing Dynasty of China fought against the Meiji Japanese Empire over who should control late Joseon-era Korea, ending in a decisive Japanese victory. As a result, Japan added the Korean Peninsula to its sphere of influences and gained Formosa (Taiwan), the Penghu Island, and the Liaodong Peninsula outright.   However, this did not come without loss. Approximately 35,000 Chinese soldiers were killed or wounded in the battle while Japan only lost 5,000 of its fighters and service people. Worse yet, this would not be the end of tensions - the Second Sino-Japanese War started in 1937, part of the first actions of World War II. An Era of Conflict In the second half of the 19th century, the American Commodore Matthew Perry forced open ultra-traditional and secluded Tokugawa Japan. As an indirect result, the power of the shoguns ended and Japan went through the 1868 Meiji Restoration, with the island nation quickly modernizing and militarizing as a result. Meanwhile, the traditional heavy-weight champion of East Asia, Qing China, failed to update its own military and bureaucracy, losing two Opium Wars to the western powers. As the preeminent power in the region, China had for centuries enjoyed a measure of control over neighboring tributary states, including Joseon Korea, Vietnam, and even sometimes Japan. However, Chinas humiliation by the British and French exposed its weakness, and as the 19th century drew to a close, Japan decided to exploit this opening. Japans goal was to seize the Korean Peninsula, which military thinkers considered a dagger pointed at the heart of Japan. Certainly, Korea had been the staging ground for earlier invasions by both China and Japan against one another - for example, Kublai Khans  invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281  or Toyotomi Hideyoshis attempts to invade Ming China via Korea in 1592 and 1597. The First Sino-Japanese War After a couple of decades of jockeying for position over Korea, Japan and China began outright hostilities on July 28, 1894, at the Battle of Asan. On July 23, the Japanese entered Seoul and seized the Joseon King Gojong, who was retitled the Gwangmu Emperor of Korea to emphasize his new independence from China. Five days later, fighting began at Asan. Much of the First Sino-Japanese War was fought at sea, where the Japanese navy had an advantage over its antiquated Chinese counterpart, mostly due to the Empress Dowager Cixi reportedly siphoned off some of the funds meant to update the Chinese navy in order to rebuild the Summer Palace in Beijing. In any case, Japan cut the Chinese supply lines for its garrison at Asan by a naval blockade, then Japanese and Korean land troops overran the 3,500-strong Chinese force on July 28, killing 500 of them and capturing the rest - the two sides officially declared war on August 1. Surviving Chinese forces retreated to the northern city of Pyongyang and dug in while the Qing government sent reinforcements, bringing the total Chinese garrison at Pyongyang to about 15,000 troops. Under cover of darkness, the Japanese encircled the city early in the morning of September 15, 1894, and launched a simultaneous attack from all directions. After approximately 24 hours of stiff fighting, the Japanese took Pyongyang, leaving around 2,000 Chinese dead and 4,000 injured or missing while the Japanese Imperial Army only reported 568 men injured, dead, or missing.   After the Fall of Pyongyang With the loss of Pyongyang, plus a naval defeat in the Battle of Yalu River, China decided to withdraw from Korea and fortify its border. On October 24, 1894, the Japanese built bridges across the Yalu River and marched into Manchuria. Meanwhile, Japans navy landed troops on the strategic Liaodong Peninsula, which juts out into the Yellow Sea between North Korea and Beijing. Japan soon seized the Chinese cities of Mukden, Xiuyan, Talienwan, and Lushunkou (Port Arthur). Beginning on November 21, Japanese troops rampaged through Lushunkou in the infamous Port Arthur Massacre, killing thousands of unarmed Chinese civilians. The outclassed Qing fleet retreated to supposed safety at the fortified harbor of Weihaiwei. However, the Japanese land and sea forces laid siege to the city on January 20, 1895. Weihaiwei held out until February 12, and in March, China lost Yingkou, Manchuria, and the Pescadores Islands near Taiwan. By April, the Qing government realized that Japanese forces were approaching Beijing. The Chinese decided to sue for peace. The Treaty of Shimonoseki On April 17, 1895, Qing China and Meiji Japan signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ended the First Sino-Japanese War. China relinquished all claims to influence over Korea, which became a Japanese protectorate until it was annexed outright in 1910. Japan also took control of Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, and the Liaodong Peninsula. In addition to the territorial gains, Japan received war reparations of 200 million taels of silver from China. The Qing government also had to grant Japan trade favors, including permission for Japanese ships to sail up the Yangtze River, manufacturing grants for Japanese companies to operate in Chinese treaty ports, and the opening of four additional treaty ports to Japanese trading vessels. Alarmed by the quick rise of Meiji Japan, three of the European powers intervened after the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed. Russia, Germany, and France particularly objected to Japans seizure of the Liaodong Peninsula, which Russia also coveted. The three powers pressured Japan into relinquishing the peninsula to Russia, in exchange for an addition 30 million taels of silver. Japans victorious military leaders saw this European intervention as a humiliating slight, which helped spark the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 to 1905.

Free Essays on Racial Experiment

and people combined. IT is hard and very tricky when it is constantly being switched around. You can easily forget that ... Free Essays on Racial Experiment Free Essays on Racial Experiment I took the racial experiment, and I did not like it at all. I was told to hit the â€Å"e† or â€Å"i† keys if the word was either good or bad, or if it was a white or black face. At first faces popped up and white was on the left (I would hit the â€Å"e† button) side and black was on the right side (I would hit the â€Å"i† button). Then words like love, peace, joy (good words) and envy, jealousy, and other bad words would pop up. A word would pop up and I would either hit â€Å"e† or â€Å"I† depending upon which side good, or bad was on. After assigning each by just faces or just words, it started to get harder. Both faces and words would pop up and each was given their own corner. For example one corner might have been black, and good, and the other white and bad, and depending on what popped up, depended on whether you hit â€Å"e or â€Å"I†. Controlled and automatic processes both play a dominant role in this experiment. Te controlled process is a process in which the individual is completely actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. An automatic process is a state that requires almost no attention and does not interfere with the activity. In this experiment the controlled process was the pictures of the African Americans, or the white faces, and also the bad and good words. The automatic process was the labeled black or bad, or white or good in the corners. Although while your mind is racing which side to click you are thinking about which side is which again. Especially when you mess up then you have to look into the corner to re-remind yourself which corner is which. But all at the same time you are completely focused on the faces or words that u just try to click the one that you react to fastest. My results were completely ridiculous. It came to the conclusion that I was some what bias on bad black words and people combined. IT is hard and very tricky when it is constantly being switched around. You can easily forget that ...

MARKETING PLANNING; The international market place Case Study

MARKETING PLANNING; The international market place - Case Study Example This has been through given customers value for their money and offering cheaper products. Since it was established the company set out goals of becoming strong food and nonfood earlier in the UK market. Since then it has grown to be the largest online retailer in the world with more that 1 millions customer in the word. The company also set goal of diversifying its operations in the external market and a 30% of the stores are found out side the UK. The company also set out a goal of having the more loyal a committed staff in all its operation. In the international market the company has been using same strategies as it has been using in the domestic market although it has not tended to be more personal than in the domestic market. The company has been using direct marketing approach in the internal market same as it has been done in the local market. What have been the features of the international marketing strategy First it has been implementing direct marketing strategy with the aim of reaching the consumers in their homes. This has been enabled through the implementation of on line marketing in all its stores. This strategy has been focused on ensuring that consumers have access to the products of the company from their homes and that the process is simple and easy. Online marketing has been one of the most effective ways that has been used by the company to reach all customers in the international market. Through the strategy, the company can sell its products to all the consumers in the world. This strategy was first tested in the local market and has been extended in the international market. Tesco has been able to rise to become the leading online retailer in the UK. After a success initial start, the company has been able to expand its operation to all its new branches. Therefore the international marketing approach that has been used by the company has been direct marketing with a special focus to providing consumer with quality products in order to meet the basic aim of marketing. The company has been opening shops in different places in order to make sure that it meets the needs of the consumers. The company has also been using personal selling strategy to reach all the potential market. Through the strategy the company has been selling directly to the consumers. Though it has not been carrying out persons to person communication, the company has been engaging in promotion activities that are aimed at reaching all consumers.Q2. A comparison of the international and domestic marketing mix decisions within the organization There has been no much difference between the company domestic market and international market approaches. The same approaches that the company has been carrying out in the domestic market have also been employed in the international market as well. This has been due to the fact that there is similarity in all the market according to its line of operation. In this regard the company has been carrying out marketing approaches which have been aimed at selling the same products to the consumers. The company has been using a marketing approach which has been aimed at reaching its customer in the extern market. The similarity in the approaches used by the company in both market is because it has been using similar trend as has been observed in the market. Based on its

HR management journal summary and analysis Research Paper

HR management journal summary and analysis - Research Paper Example In addition, these articles tries to demonstrate how these issues relate to human resource and how they influence the functions in the department. There is also an attempt to provide solutions and recommendations on how these issues can be implemented. This is an article about a company called Michelin North America, where the author explains how the company brings employees onboard and how it introduces them to the operations of the workplace. She explains that early interventions such as on boarding are important if an organization want to keep employees for a long time. The author also explains that the employees should be trained on the job from the first day at work until they achieve efficiency (Jusko, 2013). In addition, the author demonstrates the importance of effective communication within the organization, and immediate feedback as core to maintaining good relations with the employees Job satisfaction and competence is one of the most critical issues in the success of a business. The employees have to acquire enough training in order to carry out their functions effectively. The author asserts that employees should start training from the first day they join the workforce. The first impression gives the employees an insight on whether to sign long term contracts with the employer or not. Therefore, a human resource manager should be able to provide immediate information to the employee on career development right from the onboard. This information motivates the employee to learn and develop interest in the organization (Jusko, 2013). Communication is also an important factor in an organization. Communication is not necessarily about the pay package but also the feeling that as employees, they play a role in the organization. In addition, employees have to understand their role in the company’s success (Jusko, 2013). This therefore, means that the employee would enjoy working

Moral Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Principle - Essay Example Morality of actions define whether an action is considered as morally correct or not therefore it is important that some practical examples of actions which can be considered as good or not are presented. In this section, I will enumerate three examples each of actions which can be considered as morally right or wrong. Above examples indicate that the morality of each of the actions described above are based on their relative connection with the individual perception of good and bad. Individuals may perceive and internalize the truth according to their own mental perception of how they view and process the facts from moral perspectives. The underlying moral principle which I believe can succinctly define above actions is the relativistism of these actions with good or bad. Actions can be considered as good or bad based on the way they are related with acceptable ways of doing things. I, therefore, believe that my underlying moral principle based on the above actions is related with relativistim of actions with acceptable norms and values. For example, war in its strictest sense may be morally wrong, however, considering the circumstances around 9/11 event and loss of innocent lives, it may be a morally justified war because it is based on a contextual point of reference. The moral principle described above therefore is a direct derivative of the examples mentioned above. The basic underlying principles of Utilitarianism advocate on the utility of the actions regardless of their consequences, therefore, any action under utilitarianism is considered as morally right, which can create greatest good for the greatest number of people. This is regardless of the fact the consequences of the action may not be entirely favorable or good, and it was because of this reason that utilitarianism endorses actions, which have significantly different consequences for minority. My principle is similar to the utilitarianism in the sense that both

Specific airline Essay Example for Free

Specific airline Essay Evalute why the low cost carrier are so successful? Use specific airline industry examples to illustrate yor answers. low cost carriers are discount carriers which offer low transport fares for passenger services. Until the emergence of deregulation of the airline sector, the success of this type of airline was restricted to the United States. however, this particular lucrative concept of airline business now holds sway in Europe, Asia, America and other parts of the world. this tye of business is run on low cost; it also offers affordable low cost ticket prices. Low cost carriers in the airline industry have contributed a great deal to improved service delivery at convenient and reduced prices in the industry. this type of airline carriers can be local[transporting within a defined region or country] or transnational [operates beyond national boundaries]. their tickets are affordable by all. They also offer a variety of low cost services on the plane because of the nature of their services, they intrinsincaly attract the middle and low income earners who form a major bulk of the population. It is important to state that the pricing mechanism also differs in terms of discounts and exacts fares among this type of carriers. Apart from these pricing and operating mechanisms, some may adopt a simplified route mechanism to less-congested and more satisfying locations with perceived higher patronage; others could opt for simplified luggage, employee or fueling mechanism. the goal in each case is to reduce cost of service and offer good but affordable services. The success of this type of industry is here illustrated by the Southwest airlines, based in United States. It has been in existsnce in 1973, and has since enjoyed effective customer patronage, lucrative returns and comfortable service. Other cariers include easy-jet[UK], Ryanair[IRELAND] and Virgin blue[AUSTRALIA]. The Southwest airline is one of the largest low-cost carriers in the world, and is acclaimed the largest low income carrier in the United states; based in Dallas Texas. One of the most important mechanisms that have contributed to the success of this ariline is its unique ability to hedge fuel prices through profit-motivated trading in energy prices based on speculations about fuel prices. The aim is to reduce the expenditure while maintaining quality supply from reputable suppliers. It has also developed mechanism which encourage fuel efficiency particularly the jet engine pressure washer. It flies slightly over 60 destinations in the United States although it has plans to expand its target locations. Its corporate culture includes flexibility, which allows passenges change their seat reservations without charges. it also operates a unique passenger allocation to boarding groups which makes it faster to board the plane. The essence of this is that is offers great customer services which makes it rank among one of the best customer service providers in the airline industry; its welcome announcements and songs are warm, the in-flight service of meals and package of luggage have earned the airline a place in the heart of most passengers. their flexibility in pricing constitutes a risk to full-service airlines; as a result, they enjoy better patronage because thier services are cheaper. Beyond these, it also has excellent environmental protection records with respect to waste disposal.

Hainanese Style Curry Puffs Marketing Essay

Hainanese Style Curry Puffs Marketing Essay Old Chang Kee Ltd is a food retailers are known for Hainanese-style curry puffs, which began in 1956 with a small stall in a coffee shop. People love a delicious cake filled with potatoes, curried chicken, a slice of egg, fried with herbs and spices. In 1986, Han Keen Juan updated and prolonged to a chain of over 70 stores in Singapore, located in shopping complex, gas stations and other busy places. Old Chang Kee menu include fried snacks for breakfast and coffee selected fast food. Each curry puff readied and carefully sealed in very clear flavour that won the hearts of many Singaporeans. Old Chang Kee had their overseas outlets in Malaysia, Indonesia and China, and listed on the Singapore Exchange. 1.1 Strategic focus: To deliver consistently a wide variety of high quality hot finger food and ready meals through standardised food preparation processes To refine, and modernise traditional food recipes for the modern, multi-cultural customers To provide an alternative to fast food for the busy and mobile city dwellers The Groups objective is to seek continual revenue growth while minimising losses incurred due to increased credit risk exposure. Product and service quality is most important to be competitive in the global economy. Old Chang Kee Group will also seek alliances, acquisitions and joint ventures with other food related company Set long-term strategic plans and objectives for the group and the financial and human resources to meet their objectives (old change 2012) 1.2 Business model: Simply a business module is how planned to generate cash, and whether it appears that can do so profitably. Old Chang Kee started its business with selling handmade curry puff to customer at the early stage of business. When its business has picked up, it started diversify its product to serve variety customer segment by introducing new product likes sotong ball, chicken wing and up to 28 types of products. An innovative ideas and best practices enable small Old chang kee to improve revenue and service quality 1.3 Business justification for globalization: The main motive for globalization of old chang kee are to stay ahead of the competition and intend to capture the market share in other countries. The explanation for choosing Thailand is that, old chang kee has already had their overseas outlets in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines and captures the hearts of the people in those countries. Since Thailand is a big country and having huge population. If old chang kee is entered to Thailand there is lot of chances to capture the market share in Thailand. 2. Analysis of the critical issues facing the organization globalization plan: 2.1Comparative analysis: Malaysia: Malaysia is upper middle-income countries. The Gross Domestic Product growth in food industry is estimated at 4 percent in 2012, and this may improve 5.6 percent in 2013-2016. Sales at stores in Malaysian food and drink industry is projected to reach U.S. $ 15.69 billion in 2011 and expected to grow to $ 21.17bn in 2015(food and beverage 2012 ). Thailand: Thailand is a leading consumer and industrial market more than $ 60 million, while the middle and upper classes people are highly lived in the main cities of Thailand in Bangkok. Chiang Mai, the second largest city in Thailand, located in the cities of the north and south, other major markets for consumers Demand for a particular variety of snacks increased in recent years in Thailand, such as breads, curry puffs and snacks such as rice crackers and noodles. In Thailand market the sweet and salty snacks is generally to grow by 7% per year to $ 1 billion in 2015. The potato chip sales exceeded $ 198 million in 2010 and snacks in general have reached U.S. $ 244 million 4.5% growth compared to the previous year. In Thailand food industry gained $27 billion in 2010 which is an increase of 30% from the year 2007(Thomas 2008). Philippines: Philippines are New Zealand 7th biggest food and beverage export markets with total exports amounted to U.S. $ 436 million in 2010.Gross Domestic Product grew by 4.5 percent in 2011, so the U.S. per capita $ 2,012 Indonesia is the worlds fourth most populous country in the world, with a population of 232.5 million in 2010 and the largest financial system in Southeast Asia(Adam 2010). In 2011, New Zealand exports of food and beverages were U.S. $ 468.3 million, becoming the 11th export destination for New Zealand. Reason for choosing: The main reason for choosing Thailand for globalization is low competition only countable numbers of snacks companies are compete in Thai market so there is high demand for curry puffs, so it is a great opportunity for old chang kee to globalize in Thailand. Old Chang Kee have already made a remarkable success in the markets of Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippine and aimed to enter into the Thailand market. Since Thailand consist of middle and high income group of people, food safety and hygiene is an important consideration among the people .Old Chang Kee provide hygiene snacks with traditional taste so it can also succeed in Thailand market. Development of urban areas and less time to prepare food at home will increase the demand for fast food. The aim of Old Chang Kee is to provide an alternative to fast food for the busy people in Thailand. The travel and tourism industry has experienced strong growth in Thailand which will help to enhance food and beverage sales mostly in the high-end market. In Thailand, the Central Islamic Committee sets high standards for halal certified food company because Muslims are consuming only halal foods. Old Chang Kee is a halal certified food company there is lot of chances to get more customers in Thailand. Most of the foods and snacks in Thailand are traditional Thai dishes. However, there are lot of demand and opportunities for other Asian country cuisine as the market slowly progressed due to globalisation. 2.2 Business issues and environments: Management of multinational and multicultural is a problem for companies and their executives during globalization. International business environment with a large number of variables is one of the important issues which are difficult to manage. Environment: Among Asian countries Thailand is also one of the fastest growing country, the World Bank announce that Thailand was listed 19th in the world and 6th in Asia in terms of doing business easily. 2.2.1 SWOT analysis: Opportunity: Healthy is becoming big concern in Thailand food market therefore healthy food, diet food snack, and food nutrition still have good potential in Thailand market. Investing in Thailand provides companies with a strong export base, with a high-developed industrial supply chain, and offers direct access to the Thai market matures over 67 million customers in the purchase of increased parity 2.2.2 Culture: C:UsersgawaskarDesktopUntitled.png Power distance: Power distance is defined, in the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations in the country expect and accept that power is distributed evenly. Thailand score 64 on the index PDI, which is slightly smaller than the average in Singapore (71). It is a society where difference is acceptable strict subordination, and the protocols were not followed. All classes have its rights and workers show loyalty, respect and the respect of his superiors in exchange for protection and guidance. This can lead to parental management. Thus, the attitudes are more formal towards managers and the information flow is hierarchical and controlled. Individualism: In individualistic societies, people must take care of themselves and their families. In a collectivist society, people belonging to the group to deal with them in exchange for loyalty. With a score of 20 in Thailand is very collectivism. Expressed as close to its long-term commitment to the member group .The society provides a strong relationship in which everyone is responsible for the other members of their group. Offence causes loss of prestige and Thailand are very sensitive should not be embarrassed in front of local group. Personal relationships are the key to doing business and it takes time to build relationships so that it takes patience and not openly discuss business in the early occasions. Masculinity / Femininity: High score (male) dimension indicates that the company believes that competition and won success .Low scores (women), the average size of the dominant values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in society caring for others and quality of life. The main issue here is the one that makes people want to be the best (men), or you love what you do (women). Thailand scores 34 in dimension so considered as female. Thailand has the lowest value of masculinity comparing Singapore and the world average of 50.The lowest level is indicative of a society has less violence and competitiveness, as opposed to a situation where the value is considered more important and significant. Moreover, this situation reinforces the traditional roles of men and women in the population. Uncertainty avoidance: Uncertainty avoidance is a way to avoid the social processes that cannot be known in the future, should we try to control the future or just let it happen. Thailand 64 results in that dimension in order to show the preference to avoid uncertainty. To minimize or reduce uncertainty, strict rules, laws, rules and regulations are adopted and implemented. The real purpose of population control of everything is in order to avoid unexpected. As a result of these features to avoid high uncertainty, society does not readily accept change and is very risk adverse. Long term orientation: Level of long-term orientation is closely related to the teachings of Confucius and can be interpreted as a search company, if the companys future outlook oriented proven as conventional short-term point of view of practical history Thailand score of 56 in Long Term Oriented culture though not as much as for most Asian countries.LTO clear about his respect for the traditions and gender inequality. Their fears are not seeking the truth, so they can be flexible and sensible in negotiations. Thailand support long term based outlook and thus Thailand timescales and deadlines are fluid. 2.2.3 Financial system: Thailands economy is one of the fastest growing second largest economies in South Asia. Thai economy follows export-driven economic development model. Exports accounted for 60% of the total GDP of Thailand. Thailands economy is based on the principles of free trade. The low wages workers are the pillars of economic success in Thailand. Thailand has an opening for foreign currency investments (james 2012). In recent decades, Thailand has become one of the largest producers and exporters of processed foods. The country export many individual products internationally, such as canned fish, canned juices and frozen poultry. Approximately 60 percent of the food industry, and consists in 40 percent of the remainder of the beverage. The expected growth in the sector is estimated at about 10 percent per year in the coming years (josehp2012) Year GDP at constant prices (Billions) GDP growth rate % GDP at current prices (Billions) GDP at current prices (Billions) 2005 3,856.53 ( THB) 4.6 % 7,092.89 (THB) 176.35 (USD) 2006 4,054.89 ( THB) 5.1% 7,844.94 (THB) 207.09 (USD) 2007 4,259.81 ( THB) 5.0 % 8,525.20 (THB) 246.98 (USD) 2008 4,368.64 (THB) 2.5 % 9,080.47 (THB) 272.58 (USD) 2009 4,268.11 (THB) -2.3 % 9,041.55 (THB) 263.71 (USD) 2010 4,597.82 (THB) 7.8 % 10,104.82 (THB) 318.91 (USD) 2011 4,601.81 (THB) 0.1 % 10,539.45 (THB) 345.65 (USD) 2.2.4 Regulatory framework: Foreigners who want to do business in Thailand include the Law on Foreign Affairs. Export of all types of goods can be permitted in Thailand. Foreigners cannot import goods for sale, either wholesale or retail, as a company, if the company is authorized by the Ministry of Commerce and the capitalization of at least 100 million baht. However, the importation of foreign raw materials and equipment for the production of products those are not covered under foreign law. Price and value added tax (VAT), usually in the importation of goods into Thailand. Depending on the classification of goods in the price differs. Value added tax is currently 7%. In addition, excise duties on certain products, such as perfume, tobacco, oil and oil products, beverages, perfumes, cars, etc(Walker J.R, 2011). 2.2.5 Infrastructure: Thailand has an infrastructure of world class ports including several state-of-the-art, airports and communications. Suvarnabhumi International Airport and the Port of Laem Chabang in basic transportation provide manufacturers, they need for their exports, while the 225 km road between the cities is being built, which is linking Bangkok to other parts of the country is the Kingdom of efficient transport. In addition, the Greater Mekong Sub-region passageway linking Thailand with neighbouring countries in the Mekong basin, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China, and promote the integration of the Greater Mekong Sub region(Hoe 2009). 3. Implementation plan: 3.1 New Entity Form and Structure: Companies can work in a range of structures such as sole proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, Limited Liability Company or corporation. Each of these forms of integration has a number of advantages and limitations. Legal structure of the business determines how it is managed and taxed, and what rules and regulations it must follow. So to implement a new entity for we have to consider the flowing things Company Size: I plan to open some two outlets in Thailand, so the size of the company is small .there is minimum number of requirement for employees and managers and specify the shares of the owners. Since it is a small company there is no need for additional formalities. The flexible forms of business for smaller companies are Limited Liability Company. Business Purpose: The purpose of the business is to sell a product in Thailand. The rules and regulation will allow registering as a Limited Liability Company. Liability: These forms of doing business in Thailand offer the security of limited liability, which is the owners, are not responsible for the debts of the business individually. Partnerships and Sole proprietorships do not have limited liability. Taxes: Profits and losses for businesses are different for each type of business entity. Profits from partnerships and sole proprietorships cross to the owners and are treated as personal income. This means that the profit charge once. Profits from corporations and limited liability companies do not go directly to the owners but are taxed when the company pays dividends to shareholders. Based on the entity structure there are some alternatives and exceptions. (business law 2010). 3.1.2 Private Limited Company: In business terms an entity the company is the legal form of ownership. The most popular form of business organization for foreign investors is a limited liability company. The Limited Liability Company requires a minimum number of seven leaders and submits a memorandum on the importance of regular meetings, register a business and get a tax card for companies.LLC must also follow the procedures for accounting particulate in the Revenue Code, the Civil and Commercial code and the Accounts Act. Once in every year a balance sheet must be arranged and filed in the Revenue Department and Commercial Registration. In addition to this the companies are need to withhold the income tax from the salary of all regular workers. The representative office can also be configured to participate in a limited non-commercial activities, such as storage of goods or services in Thailand, where the main business, or to control and monitor the quality and quantity of purchases of goods which its head office based Thailand. Regional branch of a multinational company to be established in order to coordinate and lead the operation of the subsidiary operating in the region in the name of the head office and must not receive income or have the power to discuss business with persons or legal entities in Thailand. Submit an application for the establishment of a representative office or regional office to the Department of Commercial Registration (inra 2009). 3.2 Decision process for entry option: In the process of foreign market entry mode the decision making process is a significant strategic process. Different modes of entry may be more suitable under different conditions, and the mode of entry is a key aspect for the project success. Among the different modes of entry foreign direct investment is a suitable mode for old chang kee to enter into the market of Thailand. Green Field investment is the suitable form of Foreign Direct investment to capture and hold the position in Thailand market. Foreign Direct Investment: An investment made by a corporation or entity based in one country, into a firm or entity based in another country is generally called as FDI. Investments are made in a variety of ways either through a subsidiary or associated companies abroad, the acquisition of shares in a foreign company or through a merger or joint venture The acceptable limit for foreign direct investment dealings, which are defined Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, is 10%.This means that foreign investors of at least 10% or more of the voting rights or shares of subsidiary. Foreign direct Investment is present some types of investment, for example as joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, or licensing agreements and green field investment. The arrival of a number of international companies in the South-East Asian country the foreign direct investment in Thailand has increased in the latest years .(jandel 2008). Green field investment is one of the effective and suitable FDI type for Old Chang Kee to open subsidiary in Thailand. Green field investment: It is types of foreign investment in the parent company to start a new business in other countries, generally in developing countries. Parent company to build new facilities and create new jobs in recruiting new staff for this facility. These companies usually offer tax breaks and other incentives to build green field investment. Greenfield is a process of growing process in foreign market from ground zero. Green field investment requires purchasing a local property and also local human resources. It is good to choose to build a foreign subsidiary from the ground up instead of making an acquisition. One of the benefits of green field investing activities can benefit from state related to implementation from scratch in a new country, some countries offer subsidies, tax advantages or other benefits in order to promote a good place for foreign direct investment (FDI).Another benefits for the green field investment no risk for losing the technical ability to a competitor. And new jobs ar e produced in the local market. In green field investment there is no need any local company for investment we can open our outlet in Thailand by our own resources. Greenfield investment is the main purpose of promoting the host country as new production capability and jobs, transfer of technology and know-how, and can make the link with the global market. The profits from Greenfield investment production do not go to the local economy which we invest, but instead to the multinationals home economy (foreign investment 2010). 3.3 Cost benefits analysis: Cost-benefit analysis to determine how well or poorly planned actions will change. While cost-benefit can be used for anything, usually financial problems. As the analysis of costs and benefits will depend on positive factors and minimize negative impacts to determine net income. Rent: In Thailand Bangkok is one of the important areas large amount of high and middle class people are living. So this is the destination place for Old Change Kee. The average amounts of rent in Bangkok for primary status office are around 694 THB per square meter/per month or 21 USD. So to open an old chang kee outlet in Bangkok it need 200 square meter approximately so the rent for outlet is 138800 TBH or 4200 USD. Cost of labour: The labour cost in Thailand is also within suitable range. Cost of labour per month will be 75,000 TBH for a Financial Controller, 55,000 for managers, 27,000 THB for an executive secretary, 18,000 THB for an accountant, 15,000 THB for sales staff, 10,000 THB for Office Clerk and between 10,000 to 8,000 THB for skilled labour. So we plan to open initially two outlets in Thailand one Financial Controller, managers and one accountant is enough for two stores .but in case of sales staff 3 person for each shop so we need 6 sales staff, 2 office clerks and 4 skilled labours. Approximately the cost of labour for two outlets in Thailand will be 237,000 THB. Other cost: The cost to take a business is also reasonable. The cost to attend important business 100,000 THB 30,000 THB depending on the business, work permit and visa legal cost implies 38,000 THB and 30,000 THB for visa renewal or extension. For work permits fee are still 3000 THB per year and the rate for one year visa 1900 THB and for a year and a re-entry permit cost THB 3800. The cost for establishing a company in Thailand need approximately 5,500 THB per million of capital. The investment costs of Thailand are commonly less expensive but this remains true only as long as the investor act with reasonable care(loies 2006). Initial investment lump sum I.I.L.S Number Particulars Cost (THB) 1 Property Deposit 200,00 2 Licence 30,00 3 Legal fee 38,000 4 Sales staff 60,000 5 Skilled labour 32,00 6 Material 150,00 7 Insurance 20,00 8 Other cost 180,00 Total 3,59,200(THB) Revenue of the project: march 2013 April 2013 May 201 3 Q1 Q2 REVENUE 76,486 73,376 75,675 COST 30,531 29,87 30,667 Rent `16,000 16000 16000 16000 Salary 76,000 76000 76000 76000 Utilities 13,750 13750 13750 13750 Administration 8,000 8000 8000 8000 113750 Variable cost Raw materials 475,800 426500 441600 449770 448640 Other cost 52000 53000 54830 54290 53850 Advertising 54,320 61020 51040 51040 57480 Marketing and distribution 120,300 114400 115600 123240 102460 Net profit=revenue-running cost 98630 157660 152230 155810 Investment recovery = 838400 (739770) 582110 429880 274070 3.4 Marketing plan: A written document that describes the marketing and advertising for next year, but includes a discussion of the situation in the market, as well as the marketing mix, which will be used for the analysis of target markets and marketing destination. 3.4.1 Product Feasibility and Strategy Products provided by Old Chang Kee are great snack. Old Chang Kee offering curry puffs and proposed a list of new products and brings them to the supermarket and consumers. In Production plant the materials and machines that are used is guaranteed for the human-friendly and safe environment. Machinery and equipment which are used is tested in terms to give healthy snacks and best in taste which is worth for the amount that customer give. The products of Old Chang Kee is famous for the aroma and the traditional taste. 3.4.2 Pricing Strategy: The price depends on type of the product. The current pricing model is more effective, Old Chang Kee make sure that price of the brand is a balanced to the snack offered . Using all information in this business plan, the pricing strategy of Old Chang Kee would be to provide healthy and best-tasting curry puffs and other snacks in Singapore at reasonable price. In this case, the pricing strategy for the cost of all products would include, labour costs, production cost, raw material costs, etc. Old Chang Kee believes that the unique characteristics of its products and has said that high prices can support. However, the target market involve group of young people who usually have no source of income from their own interests, Old Chang Kee will keep costs at the lowest level in order to maintain a cheap price for all their products 3.4.3 Distribution strategy: A distribution network is performed to answering the questions of where to get, how to get and when to get in terms of getting products to their outlet. The process in distribution strategy to identify who is responsible for sending and receiving. Someone must make timetable for when items will be sent from the production site. 3.4.4 Promotion: Part of the marketing campaign is installing a free sample taste booth for the first week outside of the market. Planed to post Advertising in local newspapers includes Old change kee name and location select cheap advertising companies for aggressive promotion. Planned to give offers for the students and offer for purchasing bulk amount of product. Management believes that this is sufficient to advertise the company, and the rest will be delivered to the mouth-to-mouth (Jill Konrath )